Чарли чаплин биография на английском. English: the best

Чарли Чаплин биография на английском языке поможет подготовиться к уроку. Биография Чаплина на английском расскажет о жизни и творчестве известного киноактера.

Чарли Чаплин биография на английском

Charlie Chaplin was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the silent era. He is mostly famous for his screen persona «the t ramp» .

Born on April 16, 1889 in London, Chaplin is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. He had been a productive and creative film maker for about 75 years before he died in 1977.

Early life

Chaplin suffered from poverty and hardship in his childhood. He was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine. His mother struggled financially when his father was absent. When he was 14, his mother was sent to a mental asylum.

Career

Chaplin’s first performances were at music halls as a stage actor and comedian at the age of 19. He went to the USA where he was scouted for the film industry, and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios . He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a large fan base. Chaplin directed his own films from an early stage, and continued to hone his craft.. By 1918, he was one of the best known figures in the film industry.

Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture.

In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists , which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length was:

The Kid (1921),
A Woman of Paris (1923),
The Gold Rush (1925),
and The Circus (1928).

In the 1930s, Chaplin refused to move to sound films. He produced instead:

City Lights (1931)
and Modern Times (1936)

Both without dialogue.

Later his films became more political by producing , The Great Dictator (1940) where he satirized Adolf Hitler.

Controversy

The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland.

His latest films

Charlie Chaplin abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967).

Charlie Chaplin short biography

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in 1889 in south London. His father died when he was a child, and the family didn’t have much money. Charlie first performed on the theatre stage at the age of five.

After he joined Frank Karno’s company, he went to the USA in 1914 and in his first year there he acted in 35 of Hollywood’s early films. These were “silent films”: before the invention of cinema sound — the actors couldn’t speak, but acted out their feelings in their faces and movements. Charlie Chaplin became one of the most famous actors in the world, and everyone knew and loved the role he played: a man with a black hat, big shoes, a little moustache and unusual walk.

He was born in Walworth, London, England to Charles Chaplin, Sr. and Hannah Harriette Hill, both Music Hall entertainers. His parents separated soon after his birth, leaving him in the care of his increasingly unstable mother. In 1896, she was unable to find work; Charlie and his older half-brother Sydney had to be left in the workhouse at Lambeth, moving after several weeks to Hanwell School for Orphans and Destitute Children. His father died an alcoholic when Charlie was 12, and his mother suffered a mental breakdown, and was eventually admitted to the Cane Hill Asylum at Coulsdon, near Croydon. She died in 1928.

Charlie first took to the stage when, aged 5, he performed in Music Hall in 1894, standing in for his mother. As a child, he was confined to a bed for weeks due to a serious illness, and, at night, his mother would sit at the window and act out what was going on outside. In 1900, aged 11, his brother helped get him the role of a comic cat in the pantomime

Cinderella at the London Hippodrome. In 1903 he appeared in Jim, A Romance of Cockayne, followed by his first regular job, as the newspaper boy Billy in Sherlock Holmes, a part he played into 1906. This was followed by Casey’s Court Circus variety show, and, the following year, he became a clown in Fred Karno’s Fun Factory slapstick comedy company.

Move to America.

According to immigration records, he arrived in the USA with the Karno troupe on October 2, 1912. In the Karno Company was Arthur Stanley Jefferson, who would later become known as Stan Laurel. Chaplin and Laurel wound up sharing a room in a boarding house. Stan Laurel returned to England but Chaplin remained in the USA. His act was seen by film producer Mack Sennett, who hired him for his studio, the Keystone Film Company.

While Chaplin initially had difficulty adjusting to the Keystone style of film acting, he soon adapted and flourished in the medium. This was made possible in part by Chaplin developing his signature Tramp persona, and by eventually earning directorship and creative control

Over his films, which enabled him to become Keystone’s top star and talent.

His salary history suggests how rapidly he became world famous, and the skill of his brother, Sydney, at being his business manager.

1914: Keystone, worked for $150 a week.

1914-1915: Essanay Studios, of Chicago, Illinois, $1250 a week, plus $10,000 signing bonus.

1916-1917: Mutual, $10,000 a week, plus $150,000 signing bonus.

1917: First National, $1 million deal — the first actor ever to earn that sum. He also formed his own independent production company, the Charles Chaplin Film Corporation, which made him a very wealthy man.

Chaplin as Auteur.

Chaplin built his own Hollywood studio in 1918, and assumed an unparalleled degree of artistic and financial independence over his productions. Using this independence, over the next 35 years he created a remarkable, timeless body of work that remains entertaining and influential. These include comedy shorts and Pay Day), longer films and The Pilgrim), and his great silent feature length films: The Kid, A Woman of Paris, The Gold Rush, and The Circus. After the arrival of sound films, he made City Lights and Modern Times, essentially silent films scored with his own music and sound effects. His dialogue films made in Hollywood were The Great Dictator, Monsieur Verdoux, and Limelight.

Modern Times, a silent movie, did feature some dialogue. It is actually his first movie where his own voice is heard. However, it is still, majorly and essentially, a silent film.

In 1919 he founded the United Artists film distribution company with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, and served on the board of UA until the early 1950’s.

Although «talkies» became the dominant mode of moviemaking soon after they were introduced in 1927, Chaplin resisted making a talkie all through the 1930s. It is a tribute to Chaplin’s versatility that he also has one film credit for choreography for the 1952 film Limelight, and one credit as a singer for the title music of the 1928 film The Circus. The best-known of several songs he composed are «Smile», famously covered by Nat King Cole, among others, and the theme from Limelight, which won a belated Oscar for best film score in 1973.

His first dialogue picture, The Great Dictator was an act of defiance against Adolf Hitler and fascism, filmed and released in the United States one year before it abandoned its policy of isolationism to enter World War II. Chaplin played a fascist dictator clearly modeled on Hitler, as well as a Jewish barber cruelly persecuted by the Nazis. Hitler, who was a great fan of movies, is known to have seen the film twice. After the war and the uncovering of the Holocaust, Chaplin stated that he would not have been able to make such jokes about the Nazi regime had he known about the actual extent of the pogrom.

Chaplin: The Later Years.

Chaplin won the honorary Oscar twice. When the first Oscars were awarded on May 16, 1929, the voting audit procedures that now exist had not yet been put into place, and the categories were still very fluid. Chaplin had originally been nominated for both Best Actor and and Best Comedy Directing for his movie The Circus, but his name was withdrawn and the Academy decided to give him a special award «for versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus» instead. The other film to receive a special award that year was The Jazz Singer.

Chaplin’s second honorary award came 44 years later in 1972, and was for «the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century». He came out of his exile and collected his award less than a month before the death of J. Edgar Hoover. Upon receiving the award, Chaplin received the longest standing ovation in Academy Award history, lasting a full five minutes from the delighted, enthralled star-studded studio audience.

Chaplin was also nominated without success for Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Original Screenplay for The Great Dictator, and again for Best Original Screenplay for Monsieur Verdoux.

In 1973, he received an Oscar for the Best Music in an Original Dramatic Score for the 1952 film Limelight, which co-starred Claire Bloom. The film also features a cameo with Buster Keaton, which was the first and last time the two great comedians ever appeared together. Because of Chaplin’s difficulties with McCarthyism, the film did not open in Los Angeles when it was first produced. This criterion for nomination was not fulfilled until 1972.

His final films were A King in New York and A Countess From Hong Kong, starring Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando.

Chaplin’s professional successes were repeatedly overshadowed by his private life, particularly with regard to his politics and his pattern of relationship with young women. On October 23, 1918, the 28 year old Chaplin married the 16-year-old Mildred Harris. They had one child, Norman Spencer Chaplin, who died in infancy; they divorced in 1920. At 35, he became involved with 16-year-old Lita Grey during preparations for The Gold Rush. They married on November 26, 1924 after she became pregnant. They had two sons, the actors Charles Chaplin Jr. and Sydney Earle Chaplin. Their extraordinarily bitter divorce in 1928 had Chaplin paying Grey a then-record-breaking $825,000 settlement. The stress of the sensational divorce, compounded by a tax dispute, allegedly turned his hair white. The publication of court records, which included many intimate details, led to a campaign against him. Chaplin and actress Paulette Goddard were involved in a romantic and professional relationship between 1932 and 1940, with Goddard living with Chaplin in his Beverly Hills home for most of this time. After the relationship ended, Chaplin made public statements that they had been secretly married in 1936, but in private he claimed they were in fact never officially married. In any case, their common-law marriage ended amicably in 1942, with Goddard being granted a divorce and settlement. Afterwards, Chaplin briefly dated actress Joan Barry, but ended it when she started harrassing him and displaying signs of severe mental illness. In May 1943, she filed a paternity suit against him. Blood tests proved Chaplin was not the father, but as blood tests were inadmissible evidence in court, he was ordered to pay $75 a week until the child turned 21. Shortly thereafter, he met Oona O’Neill, daughter of Eugene O’Neill, and married her on June 16, 1943. He was 54; she was 17. This marriage was a long and happy one, with eight children. They had three sons Christopher Chaplin, Eugene Chaplin and Michael Chaplin and five daughters Geraldine Chaplin, Josephine Chaplin, Jane Chaplin, Victoria Chaplin and Annette-Emilie Chaplin.

In April 1972, Chaplin returned to America to accept an Honorary Academy Award. The presentation is remembered as one of the emotional highlights in all of Academy Award history. Chaplin’s weeklong return visit to the US, his last, also included numerous honors in both New York and Los Angeles.

On March 4, 1975 he was knighted as a Knight of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. The honour was first proposed in 1956, but vetoed by the British Foreign Office on the grounds that he sympathized with the left and that it would damage British relations with the United States, at the height of the Cold War and with planning for the ill-fated invasion of Suez underway.

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Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer " Charlie " Chaplin , (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era.

At the time of his birth, Chaplin"s parents were both entertainers in the music hall tradition: Hannah, had a brief and unsuccessful career under the stage name Lily Harley, while Charles Sr.,worked as a popular singer.

Chaplin"s first stage appearance came at five years old, when he took over from his mother one night in Aldershot. The young boy confidently entertained the crowd, and received laughter and applause. Chaplin became a member of “The Eight Lancashire Lads clog dancing troupe. He began his professional career in this way, as the group toured English music halls from 1899 to 1902. Chaplin worked hard and the act was popular with audiences, but dancing did not satisfy the child and he dreamt of forming a comedy act.

By 1908, Chaplin had become a star of Fred Karno"s prestigious comedy company. The young comedian headed the show and impressed American reviewers, being described as "one of the best pantomime artists ever seen here."

“ Making a Living” marked his film debut,1914.

During the course of 1915, Chaplin became a cultural phenomenon. Shops were stocked with Chaplin merchandise, he was featured in cartoons and comic strips, and several songs were written about the star.

First National “ A Dog"s Life” , released April 1918, was the first film under the new contract. It was cinema"s first total work of art. The film showed the character becoming more fragile and melancholy.

“ The Kid” It was his longest picture to date. It was the first film to combine comedy and drama. It had been screened in over 50 countries.

Independence In 1919 Chaplin together with Mary Pickford , Douglas Fairbanks and David Llewelyn Wark Griffith founded a n American film studi o “ United Artists ”. All films shot on this studio were full-length. The first was “A woman of Paris”, a romantic drama about ill-fa ted lovers.

Silent films brought fame to Chaplin. In 1927 appeared sound films. The first Chaplin’s sound film was “ The Great Dictator ”, it was released in 1940. It was the last film, where the image of Charlie-tramp was used. The film received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor .

In 952 Chaplin created the film “Limelight”. It’s a story about the fate of a creative person and about the art in general.

He moved to Switzerland in 1953. He composed music for his silent films and wired the film “ The Gold Rush ”. H e was awarded the International Peace Prize by the Communist World Peace Council in 1954.

In his film “ A King in New York ” Chaplin himself played the leading part. In 1964 Chaplin published his memoirs, which were the basis of bibliographic feature film “ Chaplin ”. His final completed film, “ A Countess from Hong Kong ” (1967), based on a script he had written for Paulette Goddard in the 1930s . The main parts were played by Marlon Brando and Sophia Loren .

I n 1972 he receive d a lifetime achievement award from the Lincoln Center Film Society and an Academy Honorary Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century". In 1953 he received the Academy Award for Best Original Score for Limelight , the only competitive Academy Award he won during his career. In 1975 Queen Elizabeth II made him a Knight Commander of the British Empire .

Chaplin died in his sleep from the complications of a stroke in the early morning of 25 December 1977 at his home in Switzerlan d. The monument in his memory was set on the lakeside of Geneva .

Several memorials have been dedicated to Chaplin. In London, a statue of him as the Tramp was unveiled in Leicester Square . The Swiss town of Vevey, named a park in his honour .

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(1889 – 1977) Sir Charles Spencer ‘Charlie’ Chaplin was a versatile actor, director and music producer whose prolific entertainment career spanned over 75 years. Influential film roles included the films, The Kid (1921) and The Great Dictator (1940)

“Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot”

Short bio Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin was born in London, 16 April 1889, to parents who worked in the entertainment industry. At an early age, his alcoholic father passed away, and later his mother had a breakdown and was taken to an asylum. This left Charlie and his brother to fend for themselves. Following in their parent’s footsteps, they were drawn to the musical hall, and Charlie gained a prominent reputation as a performer.

In 1910, Charlie travelled to America and gained experience in the fledgeling film industry. It was here in America that he was to develop his first famous characters such as the Tramp – the trademark Charlie Chaplin character of a bowler hat, moustache and ill-fitting clothes. Charlie Chaplin became the great star of the silent era, and his popularity spread throughout the globe.

Charlie Chaplin had tremendous intensity. He would finance, write and direct all his films himself. He was a great perfectionist and would make his actors perform scenes up to 100 times to get it just right. Yet he also liked to improvise much of his performances and would not stick rigidly to a script.

Some of his most famous films include – City Lights (1931) and The Great Dictator (1940). The Great Dictator was a satire on the totalitarian dictators of and Mussolini. Chaplin himself played two roles – a Jewish barber, who was discriminated against. He also played the role of the “Adenoid Hynkel – dictator of Tomania a clear parody of Adolf Hitler.

The film was made one year before the US entered the war against Germany, and was controversial at a time when anti-Semitism was rife in America. Despite his parody of Hitler in this film, Chaplin refused to publicly endorse the war effort in 1942 – causing the authorities to become suspicious of his political leanings.

“Wars, conflict, it’s all business. One murder makes a villain. Millions a hero. Numbers sanctify.”

Monsieur Verdoux (1947);

In the post-war period, the FBI under J Edgar Hoover kept close tabs on Chaplin because of his perceived left-wing ‘ Communist views’ Eventually, the US authorities decided to revoke his entry visa into the US and Chaplin was forced to live in Switzerland.

“Since the end of the last world war, I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America’s yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted. Under these conditions I find it virtually impossible to continue my motion-picture work, and I have therefore given up my residence in the United States.”

Charlie Chaplin later said he was not a Communist but refused to condemn Communists because he disliked the nature of the McCarthy era.

“Friends have asked how I came to engender this American antagonism. My prodigious sin was, and still is, being a non-conformist. Although I am not a Communist I refused to fall in line by hating them.
Secondly, I was opposed to the Committee on Un-American Activities a dishonest phrase to begin with, elastic enough to wrap around the throat and strangle the voice of any American citizen whose honest opinion is a minority of one.”
– My Autobiography (1964)

Chaplin had great comic talent; this was a talent that shone through in his silent films but also in later years.

“I remain just one thing, and one thing only - and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician.”

Chaplin was put forward for a knighthood in 1956, but, it was blocked by the Conservative cabinet who feared a backlash from the American government.

Chaplin was eventually knighted in 1975. He also was awarded an Oscar in 1972 for his music score in the 1952 film Limelight . He was also awarded an honorary award in 1972 for “the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century.”

He came out of exile to receive the award and the longest standing ovation in the history of the Oscars.

Charlie Chaplin had a turbulent personal life. He had 11 children with three different women and had several other girlfriends and marriages.

He died in his sleep in Vevey, Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Biography of Charlie Chaplin”, Oxford, UK. , 30th Nov. 2009. Last updated 16 February 2018.

Charlie Chaplin – Autobiography

Английский и американский актер кино, композитор, сценарист и режиссер Чарли Чаплин является ярким примером успешного и великого человека. Он создал неповторимый образ «бродяги Чарли», который стал популярным на весь мир в эпоху немого кино.

Краткая биография Чарли Чаплина

Чарли Чаплин (полное имя – Чарльз Спенсер Чаплин-младший ) родился 16 апреля 1889 года в британской столице – Лондоне.

Его отец – Чарльз Спенсер Чаплин-старший, эстрадный актер, автор песен, певец с шикарным баритоном, был популярен в Европе и Америке.

Его мать – Ханна Чаплин (сценический псевдоним – Лили Герли), эстрадная актриса, выступавшая с песнями и танцами в самых различных театрах Европы. Работала с известными композиторами и авторами оперетт (Гилберт, Салливен).

Пятилетний актер

В возрасте 5 лет (1894 год) Чарли Чаплин младший впервые вышел на сцену, заменив в одном из мюзиклов свою маму, которая из-за проблем с гортанью потеряла голос. Чарли в тот вечер сорвал овации зрителей.

Чарли жил за кулисами мюзик-холла, редко был в школе и был практически неграмотным. Иногда он работал: продавцом газет, помощником врача, в типографии, но нигде подолгу не задерживался.

Работа в театре

В 14 лет Чарли Чаплин получил работу в театре и маленькую роль посыльного в пьесе «Шерлок Холмс» . Так как он не умел читать, то слова своей роли учил с помощью брата, который был грамотным. Затем он выступал в варьете, брал уроки игры на скрипке, много читал, наверстывая упущенное.

Успех на сцене

В 1908 году Чарльзу Спенсеру удалось поймать удачу: он стал актером театра Карно , который готовил скетчи и пантомимы для мюзик-холлов. Благодаря своему таланту и харизме Чаплин очень скоро стал одним из лучших актеров театра.

В 1910 году вместе с труппой он выехал на гастроли в США. Во время одного из выступлений его заметил кинопродюсер Мак Сеннет. Игра Чарли понравилась ему, и в 1912 году он пригласил артиста в свою студию «Кистоун Филм».Это было поворотным моментом для актера.

Знаменитый образ «бродяги»

Придя на студию Сеннета, Чарли из подручного реквизита соорудил образ, который сделает в будущем его знаменитым на весь мир — образ бродяги в котелке , с визиткой, тросточкой и в башмаках с удлиненным носом. В таком виде он появился перед мэтром.

Образ понравился продюссеру, но так как Чарли был слишком молод, то было решено приклеить ему усики. Маленький бродяжка сразу полюбился публике. Успех окрылил и принес деньги.

Самый дорогой американский актер

Бродяга Чарли оказался очень прибыльным образом. В 1914 году Чаплин получал 150 долларов в неделю, затем 150 тысяч, а в 1917 году в контракте актера со студией «Фёст Нэйшнл Пикчерс » уже значилась сумма 1 миллион долларов .

Так в 28 лет Чарли Чаплин стал самым дорогим американским актером немого кино.

Чаплин режиссер

В 1919 году Чаплин создал собственную студию и стал выпускать короткометражные фильмы. В 1921 году он снял свой самый известный полнометражный фильм «Малыш» о приключениях нищего бродяги и маленького подкидыша.

Комедийные эпизоды сочетались в фильме с лирическими, драматизм сюжета являлся жесткой социальной критикой. Фильм стал этапным и для творчества Чаплина, и для всего немого кинематографа.

После съемки своего первого фильма известный актер и новоиспеченный режиссер – Чарли Чаплин, — отправился в турне по Европе.

Эра звукового кино

Славу Чаплину принесло немое кино, и хотя звук появился в фильмах уже в 1927 году, Чарли остается верным старой кинотехнике еще целое десятилетие. Первой полностью звуковой картиной Чаплина стал «Великий диктатор» - антигитлеровский фильм, снятый в 1940 году. Это был последний фильм, где использовался образ бродяги-Чарли.

Почетный «Оскар»

Чарли Чаплин стал обладателем 3-х Почетных «Оскаров»:

В 1929 году – за работу над фильмом «Цирк »;
В 1972 году – за бесценный вклад в кинематограф, благодаря которому «кино стало искусством ».
В 1973 году – за лучший саундтрек к фильму «Огни рампы».

Другие премии и награды

Список некоторых других наград и премий, которых удостоился Чарльз Спенсер Чаплин-младший за свою жизнь:

В 1941 году — фильм «Великий диктатор » стал номинантом на премию «Оскар» сразу в 3-х номинациях.
В 1948 году – фильм «Месье Верду » стал номинантом на премию «Оскар».
В 1972 году – на Венецианском кинофестивале премия «Золотой лев » за вклад в мировой кинематограф.
В 1975 году – посвящен в рыцари королевой Елизаветой II.
В 1977 году – приз Британской Академии человеку года .

Смерть

Чарли Чаплин скончался 25 декабря 1977 года во сне. Его тело было похоронено изначально на местном (недалеко от дома актера) кладбище швейцарского города Веве. Затем его перезахоронили в мае 1978 года на кладбище Меруз в Корсье-Сюр-Веве.